1923-1929 ARASINDAMİLLİ BANKACILIĞIN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Damla AYOĞLU DUMAN, Osman SUNTUR

Abstract

The Ottoman Empire could not adapt to the industrialization process that started among the western European states in the 18th century. Its backwardness in the industrialization process brought with it economic problems and deadlocks. The foundations of Turkey's economic policies were laid at the Izmir Economy Congress held between 17 February and 4 March 1923. In the congress, the opinion was adopted that the country should be industrialized as soon as possible and that it should be supported by banks as there is not enough capital for this. The economic view followed in the period was liberal economy in accordance with the Lausanne Treaty. However, the government intervened in the economy through both incentives and established banks on the way to industrialization. Therefore, the banks established in the liberal period to meet the loan demands of the industrial sector or to support the housing process with loans constitute the main establishment purposes of these banks. In addition, many local banks were established in order to meet the credit needs of the people in the provinces due to the fact that domestic or foreign banks were not sufficient in branching. In this study, it is to examine the contribution of national banks established with the establishment of the Turkish Republic to the Turkish economy. At the same time, Ziraat Bank, which was established in the Ottoman Empire, and some local banks were also mentioned.